Title Antička topografija otoka Silbe
Title (english) The topography of Silba in Classical Antiquity
Author Lovro Krešimir Goričanec
Mentor Ivana Jadrić-Kučan (mentor)
Committee member Igor Borzić (predsjednik povjerenstva)
Committee member Ivana Jadrić-Kučan (član povjerenstva)
Committee member Mate Parica (član povjerenstva)
Granter University of Zadar (Department of Archaeology) Zadar
Defense date and country 2020-09-25, Croatia
Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline HUMANISTIC SCIENCES Archeology Ancient Archeology
Abstract Otok Silba mali je otok istočnojadranskog arhipelaga. Pribraja se skupini sjevernodalmatinskih otoka, odnosno zadarskoj podskupini. Svojim smještajem Silba je rano uključena u plovidbene rute prapovijesti i antike, što je evidentirano arheološkim materijalom. Silba se također ističe dugim kontinuitetom naseljenosti. Iz razdoblja prapovijesti otkriveni su tragovi naseljenosti Liburna, dok se u antici na otoku stacioniraju Rimljani. O dolasku Hrvata na otok govori se od 8. do 10. stoljeća. Upravo iz 10. stoljeća potječe prvi pisani spomen Silbe. Radi se o 29. poglavlju djela De administrando imperio, bizantskog cara Konstantina VII. Porfirogeneta, gdje car navodi ime Σελβώ/Selbo. Rimska prisutnosti utvrđena je na poziciji uvale Pocukmarak. Toponim Pocukmarak vuče korijen od latinskog Sanctus Marcus. Upravo su toponimi tipa san(c)tu(s) + naziv sveca vezani uz kasnoantičke crkve 5. i 6. stoljeća, a iznad same uvale smještena je crkva sv. Marka čija se izvorna građevina datira u 5. ili 6. stoljeće. U vezu s navedenim vremenskim okvirom lokalitet se dovodi i zbog sporadičnih nalaza otkrivanih tijekom 20. stoljeća. Zdenko Brusić i Smiljan Gluščević na temelju svojih istraživanja izlažu da je na prostoru uvale postojao gospodarski kompleks i njemu pripadajuća nekropola. Z. Brusić također u podmorju uvale uočava ostatke arhitekture u sklopu mola, ispostavljenih kao dijelove sarkofaga u funkciji spolija. Iako nije u potpunosti jasan njihov kronološki odnos, pretpostavljena je istovremenost upotrebe dijelova sarkofaga kao spolija i gradnje mola. Pronađeni drveni dijelovi u sklopu mola omogućili su okvirnu dataciju lokaliteta u 5. ili 6. stoljeće. Osim uvale Pocukmarak, sustavna istraživanja, pod vodstvom S. Gluščevića, provedena
su i na Grebenima. Radi se o otočićima smještenima u Silbanskom kanalu, Zapadnom, Srednjem i Južnom grebenu. Uz obale Južnoga grebena otkriven je rimskodobni brodolom datiran u vremenski okvir od 40. do 50. godine. Utvrđeno je kako se radi o trgovačkom brodu s amforama tipa Dressel 2-4 i nepravilnim lomljenim kamenom kao glavnim teretom. Među ostalim teretom, određeni primjerci keramičkog posuđa sugeriraju istočnomediteransko podrijetlo broda. U neposrednoj blizini Zapadnoga grebena locirane su tri pličine, također s materijalom koji se može opisati teretom antičkih brodoloma. Uz spomenute brodolome, uz obale obaju otočića pronađeni su sporadični nalazi amfora i sidara. Sporadični nalazi također su pronađeni u uvali Sv. Ante te na rtovima Arat i Samotvorac.
Abstract (english) The island of Silba is a small island within the eastern Adriatic island group. It is situated within the north Dalmatian subgroup of islands, belonging to the Zadar division. Due to its setting Silba has been a part of the prehistoric and antique seafaring routes, which is evident through the accumulated archaeological findings. Moreover, the island has a long history of settlement. Traces of the Liburni have been discovered with the prehistoric period in question, while the Romans have left their mark in the Age of Antiquity. One can talk about the advent of the Croatian people on the island around the 8th or 10th century. The 10th century is also worthy of note as it yielded the first written mention of the island. The Byzantine emperor Constantine VII Porphyrogennetos mentions Silba in the form of Σελβώ/Selbo within the 29th chapter of his pivotal body of work, De Administrando Imperio. With regard to the Roman presence on the island, it has been established in the bay of Pocukmarak. The toponym Pocukmarak derives from the Latin phrase Sanctus Marcus. That is important to note as toponyms of the san(c)tu(s) + a saint's name built are linked with Late Antiquity churches of the 5th and 6th century. At the same time, the oldest church on the island, the church of Saint Mark, lies in proximity of the bay. It can be dated back to the 5th or 6th century itself. The site can also be placed inside the aforementioned time frame due to the findings sporadically discovered throughout the 20th century. Zdenko Brusić and Smiljan Gluščević laid out the possibility of an economic complex and accompanying cemetery existing at the location at the time. In addition, Z. Brusić observed architectural remains incorporated within a small pier submerged not too far away from the shore. The remains turned out to be various sarcophagi parts used as spolia. Although their exact chronological relation is not fully clear, it is assumed the sarcophagi were used as spolia simultaneously with the construction of the pier. Some uncovered wooden parts helped to roughly date the site in the 5th -6 th century. The Pocukmarak bay is not the only site where methodical research has been carried out. S. Gluščević conducted such aforementioned research on the location of Grebeni. They are a group of three small islands known as the Western, Middle and Southern Greben. Along the coast of the Southern Greben a shipwreck from the Roman period was found. It was dated to a time frame between the year 40 AD and 50 AD. As a result of the conducted research, a merchant ship with Dressel 2-4 type of amphorae and unevenly cut stone as the ship's main cargo was reconstructed. Among the rest of the cargo, particular pottery items suggested an Eastern Mediterranean origin of the ship. In proximity of the Western Greben three shallows were located. The finds in the shallows suggested more antique shipwrecks. Alongside the aforesaid shipwrecks, findings of amphorae and anchors were found along the coast of the Western and Southern Greben. Scattered findings were also found in the Sveti Ante Cove and around the Arat Cape and Samotvorac Cape.
Keywords
Silba
uvala Pocukmarak
Grebeni
uvala Sv. Ante
rt Arat
rt Samotvorac
antički brodolom
kasnoantičko pristanište
podvodna arheologija
Keywords (english)
Silba
Pocukmarak bay
Grebeni
Sveti Ante Cove
Cape Samotvorac
Cape Arat
antique shipwrecks
late antique pier
underwater archaeology
Language croatian
URN:NBN urn:nbn:hr:162:107865
Study programme Title: Archaeology Study programme type: university Study level: undergraduate Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) arheologije (sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) arheologije)
Type of resource Text
File origin Born digital
Access conditions Open access
Terms of use
Created on 2020-11-16 14:18:21