The eye is the steam organ of sight. The eye serves as a sense of light, the perception of space and the position of the body of a living being. The eye is made up of the eyeballs and the optic nerve which continues into the visual pathway. The eyeball has four parts, a fibrous and vascular sheath, and a retina and an optical device. The auxiliary organs of the eye include the facial formations and muscles in the eye cavity, the obvious conjunctiva, the lacrimal system, the eyelids and eyebrows, the bony mantle that creates the obvious cavity. Ophthalmology is a branch of medicine that deals with the study, diagnosis and treatment of eye diseases. The most common eye diseases in old age include cataracts, glaucoma and macular degeneration. The organ of vision can be affected by many hereditary or non-hereditary factors, resulting in mild or severe visual impairment. The nurse has her numerous tasks and duties in all branches of medicine, including ophthalmology. According to the World Health Organization, older age means people over 60 years of age. There are many diseases, disorders and characteristic senile changes that affect the eyes and surrounding structures. Some changes in the eye are solely a consequence of the aging process, and also with aging the quality decreases even when there are no eye diseases.The aim of this paper is: to describe the anatomy and physiology of the eye, diseases and conditions characteristic of the elderly, and the role of the nurse in the ophthalmological examination of the elderly.