Abstract | S porastom dostupnosti pametnih telefona ljudi često ignoriraju svoje konverzacijske partnere s kojima su u fizičkoj interakciji, kako bi umjesto toga koristili svoje pametne telefone. Ovaj fenomen naziva se phubbing, ili partner phubbing kada se gore navedeno odvija u društvu ljubavnog partnera/ice. U literaturi je utvrđeno kako phubbing ima štetne efekte na interpersonalne odnose. Osim toga, postoje novi pravci istraživanja koji slanje i čitanje poruka vide kao socijalnu praksu koja se danas obično vrši relativno nesvjesno. S obzirom da phubbing često uključuje provjeravanje novosti na društvenim mrežama te slanje i čitanje poruka, i ako slanje i čitanje poruka može postati automatsko ponašanje kao što je utvrđeno u prethodnim istraživanjima, može se očekivati da sposobnost pojedinaca da se odupru phubbingu može ovisiti o osobini usredotočene svjesnosti koja se zove djelovanje sa sviješću koja uključuje prisustvovanje aktivnostima sadašnjeg trenutka te je u suprotnosti s automatskim ponašanjem. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je ispitati razlike u partner phubbingu (procjene partnera i samoprocjene) s obzirom na razinu osobine djelovanja sa sviješću, te ispitati razlike u zadovoljstvu vezom i kvaliteti komunikacije ovisno o obrascu partner phubbinga. Dodatni je cilj bio validirati Skalu partner phubbinga (Roberts i David, 2016), te također validirati modificiranu verziju ove skale (koja je dizajnirana u ovom istraživanju u svrhu samoprocjene partner phubbinga), na uzorku heteroseksualnih parova. Štoviše, da bi se uzela u obzir ne samo frekvencija partner phubbinga, nego i stupanj u kojemu partnerima smeta takvo ponašanje, rezultati na originalnoj skali partner phubbinga ponderirani su rezultatima na skali koja mjeri stupanj u kojemu partnerima smeta takvo ponašanje. Ovo istraživanje uključivalo je 116 heteroseksualnih parova koji su bili u ljubavnoj vezi minimalno 6 mjeseci, od kojih oba partnera posjeduju pametni telefon i čiji je raspon dobi između 18 i 61 godine. Istraživanje je provedeno korištenjem online upitnika. Rezultati ovog istraživanja potvrđuju jednofaktorsku stukturu obiju skala, pri čemu je jedna čestica izbačena iz obje skale zbog svoje nedovoljne zasićenosti ekstrahiranim faktorom. Analizama je utvrđena samo jedna statistički značajna razlika, tj. muški sudionici čiji je prosječan rezultat na subskali djelovanja sa sviješću iznad vrijednosti medijana, u prosjeku imaju statistički značajno niži rezultat na skali samoprocjene partner phubbinga u usporedbi s onima čiji su rezultati ispod medijana. Konačno, ispitivanjem razlika u zadovoljstvu vezom i kvaliteti komunikacije ovisno o obrascu partner phubbinga, nije utvrđena značajna razlika kada su ovi obrasci formirani na temelju procjena i samoprocjena partner phubbinga. S druge strane, kada su ovi obrasci formirani na temelju ponderirane verzije skale procjene partner phubbinga, utvrđeno je kako je kvaliteta komunikacije najniža kod onih parova kod kojih oba partnera često vrše partner phubbing, malo veća kod onih parova kod kojih jedan partner više vrši partner phubbing od drugoga, dok je kvaliteta komunikacije najviša kod onih parova kod kojih oba partnera rijetko vrše partner phubbing. S druge strane, u slučaju zadovoljstva vezom, utvrđena je samo jedna statistički značajna razlika, tj. parovi kod kojih oba partnera vrše partner phubbing rijetko imaju u prosjeku veće zadovoljstvo vezom u usporedbi s parovima kod kojih oba partnera vrše partner phubbing često. |
Abstract (english) | With the increasing availability of smartphones people often ignore their conversational partners, with whom they are physically interacting, in order to use their smartphones instead. This phenomenon is called phubbing, or partner phubbing when the above takes place in the company of a romantic partner. In the literature, phubbing has been found to have detrimental effects on interpersonal relationships. Furthermore, there are emerging lines of research that view texting as a social practice that is now commonly done relatively unconsciously. Since phubbing often involves checking for updates on social networks and texting, and if texting can become an automatic behavior as shown in previous research, we can expect that the ability of individuals to resist phubbing may depend on the trait of mindfulness called acting with awareness which includes attending to one’s activities of the present moment and can be contrasted with behaving mechanically. The aim of this study was to examine differences in partner phubbing (partner's asessments and self-asessments) considering the level of the trait acting with awareness, and to examine differences in relationship satisfaction and communication quality depending on the pattern of partner phubbing. An additional goal was to validate the Partner phubbing scale (Roberts and David, 2016), and also to validate a modified version of this scale (which was designed in this study for self-assesment of partner phubbing), on a sample of heterosexual couples. Furthermore, to take into account not only the frequency of partner phubbing, but also the degree to which partners are bothered by such behavior, the results on the original partner phubbing scale were weighted by the results on a scale measuring the degree to which partners are bothered by such behavior. This study involved 116 heterosexual couples who have been in a romantic relationship for a minimum of 6 months, of which both partners own a smartphone and whose age range was between 18 and 61 years. The study was conducted using an online questionnaire. The results of this study confirmed a one-factor structure of both scales, where one item was excluded from both scales due to insufficient saturation with the extracted factor. Results showed only one statistically significant difference i.e. male participants whose average score on the subscale of acting with awareness is above the median value, on average have a statistically significant lower score on the partner phubbing self-asessement scale compared to those whose results are below the median. Finally, by examining differences in relationship satisfaction and communication quality depending on the pattern of partner phubbing, no significant difference was found when these patterns were formed based on partner's asessment and self-assements of partner phubbing. On the other hand, when these patterns are formed based on a weighted version of the partner phubbing asessment scale, it was found that the quality of communication is lowest with those couples in which both partners often do partner phubbing, and slightly higher with those couples in which one partner performs partner phubbing more than the other, while the communication quality is highest with those couples in which both partners rarely perform partner phubbing. On the other hand, in the case of relationship satisfaction, only one significant difference was found, i.e. couples in which both partners perform partner phubbing rarely have on average greater relationship satisfaction compared to couples in which both partners perform partner phubbing often. |