The study is divided into four chapters and it is based on the analysis of literary, epigraphical and archaeological sources which testify to the presence of Roman military units in the Dalmatian area from the reigns of Augustus to Hadrian. The first chapter deals with the historical development of Roman garrison in Dalmatia, and it is primarily based on the study of literary and epigraphical sources which provide the basis for the reconstruction of the military, and—consequently—the administrative history of Dalmatia during the mentioned period. Special attention is devoted to the subject of the Pannonian War of Tiberius, the Illyrican War of AD 6–9, the question of the division of Illyricum, as well as the Tiberius’ inscriptions on road construction. The pivotal part (the second and the third chapter) is devoted ot the military units; that is, to the legionary and auxiliary units that have left a trace on the Dalmatian soil. The discussion in these chapters is mostly based on the analysis of the epigraphical sources. Both of the chapters are set in the way in which the first part deals with the history of military units, while the second part is dedicated to the analysis of different elements of the inscriptions of Roman soldiers (origin of soldiers, hierarchy, years lived and served in the army, soldiers’ nomenclature, and so on). Both chapters contain thorough catalogues which include the reading of all inscriptions of Roman soldiers and Roman military units in Dalmatia, dated to the period from Augustus to Hadrian. The fourth chapter handles the military strongholds which were occupied by the mentioned units. It is primarily based on the study of aerial photographs and satellite images, but also—in a smaller degree—on the data provided by the archaeological excavations. Three garrisons in the hinterland of coastal colonies are especially separated: (1) Burnum and the garrison on the Liburnian frontier; (2) Tilurium and the garrison in the hinterland of Salona; and (3) the garrison in the hinterland of Narona.