In the master's thesis we dealt with the theme "Working with children with special needs in the teaching of mathematics in lower grades Elementary School"., also we indicated who are the children with special needs and specific learning difficulties. We are particularly focused on the causes and types of specific learning difficulties in mathematics, such as dyscalculia and acalculia. In a set of specific learning difficulties in mathematics we pointed out development dyscalculia and identified six forms of the same. As a key factor in recognizing dyscalculia we have listed and explained some typical mistakes that child is doing. Furthermore, we talked about working with children with difficulties in mathematics and the importance of teacher competencies and acquiring them. In work with children with dyscalculia and acalculia we met with the important role of the use of different teaching materials and we have proposed activities to facilitate the adoption of some parts of the mathematical material. Working with children with lower levels of cognitive development and work with the blind and visually impaired children are two broad areas in which we have highlighted some of the most important components such as the main prerequisites for the successful integration of the student in educational process. The final part of the thesis is dedicated to the development and use of an individualized educational plan and the realization of the objectives of the supplementary classes.