Climate changes in the early Holocene change the environment. The growth of sea level leads to a disappearance of large land masses, while the expansion of forest cover affects changes in the ecosystem. Big ice-age ruminants are replaced by smaller wildlife adapted to forest conditions while transgression of the sea allows access to marine resources. Mesolithic hunter-gatherer communities are forced to adapt their survival strategies to newly established conditions. Evidence of adaptation are visible in the change of material culture which is adapted to industrious activities in the changed environment. The mentioned industrious activities are still tied to the hunter-gatherer component. The replacement of hunter-gatherer industry with that of production marks the beginning of Neolithic. Besides the change in industry, Neolithic brings about changes in settlement strategies and causes social changes. More permanent settlements are established, ceramics appear, and the changes in industrious activites affect modifications in tool-making technology. The era of early Neolithic is geographically variable, and it took approximately 5000 years to encompass the whole European continent. The first traces of Neolithic in the Adriatic area appear 6000 years BCE on the southern parts of east and west Adriatic coast, and it took about 400 years for the Neolithic packet to spread all over the Adriatic area. Through this thesis is explained the difference in life activities between Mesolithic era hunter-gatherer communities and Neolithic era sedentary societies in the Adriatic area.