| Abstract | Nakon „Velike krize“ koja je zadesila Carstvo u 3. stoljeću, 284. godine na vlast stupa car koji je u kolektivnoj svijesti ljudi ostao zapamćen po mnogim velebnim građevinama koje je dao izgraditi, kao i po velikim progonima kršćana, ali i mnogim drugim stvarima. Taj čovjek po imenu Dioklecijan je bio nižeg društvenog ranga, rodom najvjerojatnije iz okolice Salone, ili po nekima iz Dokleje, u današnjoj Crnoj Gori. Na vlast je došao zahvaljujući svojim vojnim sposobnostima, a u literaturi se često spominje da je zapravo bio „čovjek neophodan rimskoj državi“. Odmah po stupanju na prijestolje uviđa da ne može sve sam, te proglašava Maksimijana kao svoga suvladara dajući mu da vlada Zapadom Carstva, dok sebi uzima Istok. 293. godine svaki od njih uzima po jednoga cezara, te se tako Carstvo dijeli na četiri dijela i uspostavlja se novi sustav vladavine pod imenom Tetrarhija. Tako cezari postaju Galerije na Istoku, a Konstancije I. Klor na Zapadu Carstva. Dioklecijan je također ostao poznat u povijesti kao veliki reformator, a najznačajnije reforme koje je proveo su svakako one: administrativno-upravne, vojne, kao i financijske. Sve to bilo je potrebno kako bi se Carstvo ponovno uzdiglo te vratilo na stare staze slave. Spomenut ćemo se i drugih odredbi koje je donio, a posebice ćemo se pozabaviti ediktima, pogotovo onim najznačajnijim kao što su Edikt o cijenama, te četiri Edikta o progonima kršćana. 305. godine kada su abdicirali Dioklecijan i Maksimijan, a nasljedili ih Galerije i Konstancije I. Klor postaje jasno da će se ovakav sustav brzo urušiti prvenstveno zbog ljudske pohlepe za vlašću. Zadnje godine svoga života Dioklecijan je proveo u svojoj palači koju je dao izgraditi na mjestu gdje će nastati srednjovjekovni Split, u blizini antičke Salone. Tu je i umro pretpostavlja se negdje između 313. - 316. godine. Kako bilo car Dioklecijan će ostati zapamćen kao jedan od najvećih vladara u rimskoj povijesti, iako mu mnogi zamjeraju njegovu nesklonost prema pripadnicima kršćanstva. |
| Abstract (english) | After the „Big crisis“ which happened in the Empire in the third century, in 284 AD an emperor came to power who was remembered in the collective consciousness of the people by many magnificent buildings that he built, as well as by great persecution of the Christians, but also by many other things. That man, Diocletian, was from lower social rank, by birth probably from surroundings of Salona, or from Docleia in today Montenegro. He became an emperor thanks to his military abilities, and in literature is often mentioned that he actually was „a man necessary to Roman state“. Right after he came to the throne he saw that he couldn't do everything by himself, and declared Maximian as his co-ruler, giving him authority over the West, while he took the East. In 293 each one of them took one caesar, and so the Empire was divided in four parts, and with that the new administration was established, the Tetrarhy. In such a way caesars became: Galerius in the East and Constancius I Clorus in the West. Diocletian is also known in history as a big reformer, and most important reforms that he carried out are surely: administrative, military and financial. All that was necessary so the Empire would rise again, and get back to the former traces of glory. It will be mentioned, as well, other regulations that he carried out, especially edicts, specifically the most important Edict of prices, and four Edicts about persecution of the Christians. In 305 when Diocletian and Maximian abdicated, and Galerius and Constancius I Clorus got to the throne it became clear that this system would soon crash primarily because of the human greed for power. Last years of his life Diocletian spent in his palace that he built on the place from which will rise medieval Split, close to antique Salona. He died there approximately sometime between 313 and 316 AD. Anyhow, the emperor Diocletian will remain remembered as one of the greatest rulers in Roman history, although many resent his intolerance to Christianity. |
