The topics of this work are gender inequalities that have a long history, and in this work special attention is paid to inequalities in education. In this sense, the genesis of educational systems from the oldest civilizations to modern society is traced, with particular emphasis on the role of patriarchal values that highlighted this inequality. Namely, during most of history, education was elitist, excluding the poor, but also women. This was the case until the Enlightenment period, when demands were placed on the value of the culture democratization for the inclusion of women in the sphere of education. Also, it was the time considered as the birth of feminism, which in the following centuries played a significant role in the affirmation of women's rights in all areas, including in the sphere of education. The central part of this paper deals with contemporary tendencies in education as well as the sociological approach to these changes. The changes concern the increasing and comprehensive participation of women in the sphere of education at all levels, which in recent times leads to equality in education with men. No, many authors believe that the fight is not over yet, because inequality, if not in education, manifests itself in other areas related to education, such as the unequal remuneration of women for the same job, the burden of women with career or still unreduced family obligations.