The topic of this thesis is to discuss pedagogical approach of Brazilian pedagogue, andragogue, philosopher and activist Paulo Freire. Freire was best known for the concept of conscientisation and literacy campaigns for illiterate adults that he conducted around the world. Provided his influence in the field, the beginning of the thesis provides an overview of the development of critical pedagogy under the influence of critical theory. This is followed by socio-historical context of the 20th century that strongly influenced Freire. The political and social events in Brazil of that period need to be taken into account so that we can fully understand his pedagogical settings and practical work. Central to this paper is to dichotomize theoretical settings of both Freire's approach and implications for pedagogical practice. The basic ideas and theoretical settings that permeate many of his works, such as the connection of politics and education, manipulation, dialogue, love and constant rethinking, for the purposes of this thesis are presented in thematic categories. The last three chapters of the thesis provide examples of the application of Freire's pedagogical approach in the world, an overview of his legacy and importance, some of the currently active projects and initiatives, and the critique that critics have made over time.